While some non-native English speaking teachers are turned away from a teaching position in an ESL classroom, other schools refuse to hire native speakers. It would appear there is still prejudice concerning language teaching. However, taking the fact that children are more perceptive to language learning at a younger age into account, I will argue that non-native speakers of English are more qualified to teach the English language in an ESL classroom in middle and high school than native speakers are, but they are equally qualified in a university education.
Often people have skewed ideas of what teaching the English language entails, which is where the prejudice against non-native speakers comes from. An example of this prejudice is the
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First of all, the usage of a so called ‘standard’ English is outdated. Often sympathizers of Quirk, similar to Purdy, are not aware that the definition of the standard form of English has changed. According to Min Pun, a non-native English teacher in Nepal, the ‘standard’ is: “the variety of English that is held by many to be correct in the sense that it shows none of the regional or other variations that are considered by some to be ungrammatical, or non-standard English.” (Pun, n.d., p. 2) This definition corresponds with the one given in the oxford dictionary. However, there are now more non-native than native speakers of English in the world, non-natives outnumbering natives three to one (Mastin, 2011). Following the definition of Pun and oxford, Standard English should therefore be “International English”. This could be considered a dialect spoken between non-native speakers. The true “standard” form of English as it is perceived by people similar to Purdy will not endure over time. As Eric Anchimbe states "It must be realized that English has become too complex to be tied to the strings of native and non-native statuses" ( Anchimbe, 2006). Secondly, the notion that non-native speakers cannot have a full grasp of the command of idioms, grammar and pronunciation to match that of a native speaker might be true, but is also no longer relevant. Research by the Purdue University has shown that these things are not the most important qualities for helping non-native speakers understand the English language, but rather the fluency and speed rate at which the words are spoken. This is just as easily achieved by non-native speakers as it is by native
We have made a generalization on each case. These are examples of stereotypes which often results from, and leads to, prejudice. As it is shown, prejudice and stereotypes are, one of the biggest
“The FL Consent Decree provides a structure for compliance with all the jurisprudence ensuring the rights of ELL students in Florida and equality in educational opportunities as afforded to all native-English-speaking students” (20). Non-native English speakers allow a sense of diversity in the classrooms. Diversity drives innovations, and creativity and builds on communities. The reality of community and diversity in a school environment entails that one must keep an open-mind and be willing to cooperate with others- specifically those having difficulty communicating with other students and educators because of the language barrier- and also to expand their insights on a broader scale from others indifferent to themselves rather than what they are used to encountering every day, in order to become more worldly. I completely agree with the programs that LEP students are entitled to in addition to ESOL, as they are provided to ensure equality in educational opportunities.
Simple, non-hostile prejudices such as being against a book before
“We all decry prejudice, yet are all prejudiced,” said Herbert Spencer, a famous philosopher. Prejudice is frequent everywhere and difficult to stop. It is very difficult to destroy something in someone’s mind, and it will inevitably be expressed through various methods with different degrees of subtlety. Any expression of this can hurt. Subsequently, in Farewell to Manzanar by Jeanne Wakatsuki Houston and James D. Houston, the main theme is that prejudice is everywhere, and can be of varying degrees.
Hidden Stereotypes There is one hard and very evident fact that exists in the world we inhabit; that fact is that stereotypes are as common as rain. A stereotype, as defined by bing.com, is a widely held but fixed and oversimplified image or idea of a particular type of person or thing. They happen so often that we aren’t even aware that they occur. These atrocities appear in books, films, the news, and other worldwide forms of media.
The definition of Prejudice is, “An unfavorable opinion or feeling formed beforehand or without knowledge, thought, or reason”(Dictionary.com) The majority of humans tend to judge others by appearance rather than personality. Examples derive from culture and treatment of African American people and how others perceive them to be. Prejudice and appearance are prevalent in Mary Shelley’s novel Frankenstein as well as today’s culture which has consequences regarding race, age, religion, etc. In Frankenstein, the monster is a hideous, vicious being of large stature who has the potential to cause injury, so he is perceived to be malicious due to these characteristics.
For example, a company may refuse to hire someone for a job, because of the basis of stereotypes. As a result, a particular person might avoid a part of the city associated with a certain ethnic group. Due to the stereotypes associated
One would think prejudice is a thing of the past. Unfortunately, that is not the case, prejudice is still a common factor in todays society. Vincent N. Parrillo’s essay “Causes of Prejudice,” helped me to understand how we are affected not just psychologically but in a sociological way as well, as John A. Camacho explains in his A Few Bad Apples opinion piece published in the Pacific Daily News. Both forms of prejudice are continued to be explained through Stud Turkel’s “C.P Ellis,” he gives us an understanding of psychological and sociological prejudice through C.P Ellis’own experiences. This furthers our understanding on how we can be affected by both psychological and sociological prejudices.
As described by Society: The Basics, the four theories of prejudice include: the scapegoat theory, authoritarian personality theory, culture theory, and the conflict theory. The scapegoat theory claims prejudice is rooted in the frustration from those who are disadvantaged. People use prejudice to express their anger and frustration. With the authoritarian personality theory, it is theorized that being prejudice is a part of individual personality traits. This is theorized due to research that demonstrates if a person is prejudice towards one minority, they are prejudice to all minorities.
The United States is a place of freedom. We are a mixing pot that unifies as one. Many religions, cultures, and languages make their home in the Unites States. Many foreigners see the U.S. as an opportunity to seek better lives and education, but when it comes to foreigners and native-born non-English speakers that do not yet know English, it becomes a little more difficult to go about an average day let alone make a better future. Children in school often become English Language Learners, or ELL, to assimilate to the American standards.
English-language learners (ELLs) with special needs belong to a minority group and require specific direction for educators on how to help these students in the school context and how to help to improve their educational outcomes. This is one of the most important topics in the field of education in the USA. The main issue of the teachers is to decrease the achievement gap between ELLs and their peers. Though, the educational needs of ELLs are diverse and rather complicated. English language learners face many obstacles due to their cultural and linguistic diversity.
Gender profiling, cultural, race, groups of individuals, religion and so on. Common examples of stereotypes are: girls are bad at sports. Men get better jobs than women. Women aren’t as smart as men. All Arabs and Muslims are terrorists.
People may develop biases toward or against an individual, an ethnic group, a nation, a religion, a social class, a political party, theoretical paradigms and ideologies within academic domains, or a species. Biased means one-sided, lacking a neutral viewpoint, or not having an open mind. Bias can come in many forms and is related to prejudice and intuition. Bias on outgroups: When some individuals are categorized as being part of one group, they are considered part of the "ingroup"; others are considered to be part of the "outgroup" Members of the outgroup are viewed as less similar and, as a result “ingroups” may have biases against them.
Finally, for mainly historical reasons, certain English dialects or varieties have been viewed more positively than others. Thus, Standard English, because of its association with being the national English language, has been perceived as the most prestigious of English varieties. However, the fact that some dialects and accents are seen to be more prestigious than others is more a reflection of judgements based on social, rather than linguistic, criteria. As society changes, so too do attitudes towards dialect, accent and variational use of English generally.